All the various cells that form the human body originate from stem cells. Stem cells have unique properties that include multiple cell divisions, they can divide into self- renewing stem cells and differentiate into many cell types including neurons, cardiac cells, liver cells, and Insulin Secreting Beta Cells.

Stem cells are programmed to secrete growth factors, signaling molecules and cell communication signals that are involved in regeneration and repair of specific tissues. For example, cardiac progenitor cells get attracted towards the heart by following distress signals secreted by the damaged areas of the tissue and repair that organ.